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                  <text>On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                <text>'Before the Morrill Tariff'</text>
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                <text>Part of an April, 1861 take on British reactions to the passage of the Morrill Tariff by Congress the month before, printed by the U.S. publication &lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>The first in a pair of images printed by &lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt; shortly after the start of the Civil War, focusing on British responses to the recently passed Morrill Tariff. In a move unpopular with foreign industrial producers such as Britain, the U.S. Congress voted to pass an increased tariff on the importation of goods. This cartoon addresses the controversy that emerged regarding competition between the U.K.'s anti-slavery interests and its economic connections to both the Union and to the South, the latter a key source of the cotton supply necessary to support British industry throughout the first half of the 19th century.</text>
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                <text>Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://johnathanseitz.com/items/show/52"&gt;'After the Morrill Tariff'&lt;/a&gt;, the second image of the pair.</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                <text>'After the Morrill Tariff'</text>
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                <text>Part of an April, 1861 take on British reactions to the passage of the Morrill Tariff by Congress the month before, printed by the U.S. publication &lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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                <text>The second of a pair of images printed by &lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt; concerning the British response to the Morril Tariff's passage. This illustration reflects the aftermath of the Tariff, in which the economic interests of the United Kingdom have usurped the care they had shown the enslaved in the first illustration. The lion-headed John Bull now sides with the Southern slave master, caring for his wellness while berating, demeaning and vilely cursing the slave he once protected, a complete tonal shift from the characteristics and demeanor of his prior appearance. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The transition between the two images is indicative of the northern concern that Britain's economic needs would drive up sympathy for the Southern cause in the war, overcoming their by-then traditional stance against the institution of slavery so widespread throughout the South. The fear lay in the potential that such feelings would lead to greater support for, or an intervention on behalf of, the Confederacy.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://johnathanseitz.com/items/show/51"&gt;'Before the Morrill Tariff,'&lt;/a&gt; the first image of the pair.</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                <text>'Domestic Life in South Carolina'</text>
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                <text>A British Illustrator's View of Domestic Life and Society in Civil War South Carolina</text>
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                <text>This scene displayed in the &lt;em&gt;Illustrated London News&lt;/em&gt; offers a more idyllic depiction of the nature of Southern society and issues of race. While not explicitly stated, this image may provide a window into the presence of slavery in the structure of the Southern family household. The image displays characteristics common of such depictions, including the contrasting appearances of the white and black figures in the scene, adult and child alike.</text>
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                <text>Courtesy of "The Civil War in America from the &lt;em&gt;Illustrated London News&lt;/em&gt;": A Joint Project by Sandra J. Still, Emily E. Katt, Collection Management, and the Beck Center of Emory University;&lt;br /&gt;Images online at http://iln.digitalscholarship.emory.edu/</text>
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                <text>From &lt;em&gt;The Illustrated London News&lt;/em&gt;, Vol. 42, no. 1204, p. 552</text>
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                <text>Published May 23, 1863</text>
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                <text>Public domain; Courtesy of "The Civil War in America from the &lt;em&gt;Illustrated London News&lt;/em&gt;": A Joint Project by Sandra J. Still, Emily E. Katt, Collection Management, and the Beck Center of Emory University</text>
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                  <text>The role of slavery in Anglo-American relations and Civil War diplomacy.</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                <text>'John Bull Makes a Discovery'</text>
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                <text>An American Prediction Concerning British Slavery Sentiment</text>
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                <text>This print, likely published in the first years of the war, conveys some of the fears Americans had concerning the sympathies and interests of Britain. Would the anti-slavery sympathies that had grown over the course of the 19th century falter in the face of its economic interests regarding the use of Southern cotton in its textile industries?</text>
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                <text>Currier &amp; Ives, New York, 1862/1863</text>
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                <text>Currier &amp; Ives, Digitized at the Library of Congress</text>
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                  <text>On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                <text>'Abe Lincoln's Last Card; Or Rouge-et-Noir'</text>
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                <text>British Satirical View of Lincoln's Drafts of an Emancipation Proclamation</text>
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                <text>John S. Tenniel</text>
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                <text>Printed by Punch</text>
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                <text>Image reprinted in &lt;em&gt;Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch; cartoons, comments and poems, published in the London charivari, during the American Civil War (1861-1865)&lt;/em&gt; by William Shepard Walsh</text>
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                <text>October 18, 1862</text>
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                <text>In Public Domain</text>
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                <text>Despite some hopes that the announcement of the Lincoln Administrations plans on the matter of emancipation, international doubts over the Union position on slavery remained. This cartoon, a satirical take by &lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt;, highlights the view in Great Britain that such a move might be a last desperate move by Lincoln to sway the war, at this time in a bloody stalemate, more clearly in his favor. This view of the matter was shared by Confederates and similarly presented by their diplomats and sypathizers abroad.</text>
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                  <text>On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation</text>
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                  <text>The role of slavery in Anglo-American relations and Civil War diplomacy.</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                  <text>1860-1865</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
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              <text>Song Sheet</text>
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                <text>'King Cotton, Song Sheet'</text>
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                <text>A song celebrating the South and the persona of 'King Cotton,' written in the Aftermath of the Battle of 1st Manassas (Bull Run), and other early Union losses.</text>
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                <text>Nicholas Greenberry Ridgely</text>
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                <text>North Carolina Digital History Center and Duke University Libraries</text>
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                <text>Digitized in the Duke University Digital Repositories - American Song Sheets Collection</text>
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                <text>June 1, 1862</text>
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                <text>This song sheet celebrates the actions of the Confederate Army in its early victories against the Northern military. The idea of 'King Cotton' dominates the themes of the song, based upon the strong association between the South and the perceived dominance of the cotton industry. Emerging out of arguments made in the 1850s, particularly by South Carolina senator James Henry Hammond before the Senate in 1858. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Believing that the economic power of cotton gave the Confederacy diplomatic leverage over the nations of Europe, to pressure foreign support, cotton diplomacy guided their initial efforts at foreign policy. Ultimately, the strategy failed to have the desired impact, increasingly limited Southern cotton gradually replaced by product from other sources.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation</text>
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                  <text>The role of slavery in Anglo-American relations and Civil War diplomacy.</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                <text>'Letter to William Lloyd Garrison from the Union and Emancipation Society of Manchester, England, September 6, 1864'</text>
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                <text>A copy of a Circular Published and Distributed by the Society for an Audience in the General Public in Britain; Sent to the American abolitionist</text>
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                <text>Union and Emancipation Society, and William Lloyd Garrison</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Boston Public Library</text>
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                <text>No known copyright restrictions.&#13;
No known restrictions on use.</text>
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                <text>In a circular sent to the ardent abolitionist, the Union and Emancipation Society's words reflect the general themes and platforms of such groups in the United Kingdom. Delivered late in the war, it conveys the growing hope of British reformers that the United States would soon undertake a significant social and political change with the end of slavery. Liberal reformers and Union sympathies often aligned during the war influencing the growth of post-war movements. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For some reformers, their interests would take inspiration from the success of Lincoln and the early stages of post-Civil War reform in the United States. Seeing the changes as catalysts for their own political and labor reforms, British society experienced new waves of calls for change through the rest of the century, largley beginning with the Reform Act of 1867, which was based upon expanding the political franchise.</text>
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                <text>Boston Public Library, Digitized online at https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:2z110c927</text>
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        <name>Letters</name>
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        <name>Slavery</name>
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        <name>United Kingdom</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3">
        <name>United States</name>
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