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                  <text>The War in Cartoon Form</text>
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                  <text>Matters of the War and Diplomacy as captured by British and American Cartoonists</text>
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                  <text>Political cartoons, whether critical or satirical, exist as commentary for the major issues and events of the day - the Civil War in America included. British and American publications regularly highlighted issues of the war, including diplomatic controversy, in their accompanying illustrations.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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              <text>Wood Engraving and Poem</text>
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                <text>'England's Tribute to Lincoln and 'Abraham Lincoln foully assassinated''</text>
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                <text>A image and accompanying poem honoring the late president following his assassination</text>
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                <text>Compiled together as a tribute to Lincoln's memory, this item combines both a print of a wood engraving, likely by &lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt; artist John Tenniel, and a poem also published by &lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt;, together on a single page. Though republished in 1910, this document still expresses the grief that Lincoln's death caused outside the United States. Of note is that even though Lincoln was the subject of much caricature, satirization, and even criticism from publications such as &lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt;, the work of the president in matters of war and emancipation were not forgotten.</text>
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                <text>O.H. Oldroyd</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Punch, or the London Charivari&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Library of Congress; The Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana</text>
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                <text>May 6, 1865 - Wood Engraving and Poem&#13;
1910 publication of document</text>
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                <text>Public Domain&#13;
Credit: Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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        <name>Abraham Lincoln</name>
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                  <text>Significant Figures in Anglo-American Diplomacy and British Observations of the Civil War</text>
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                  <text>Prominent British and American individuals involved in negotiations behind the scenes, as well as those directly viewing the conflict, offer a wide range of perceptions and viewpoints of the war and its underlying causes</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                <text>'Henry Hotze'</text>
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                <text>A photograph of Henry Hotze, Confederate Propagandist in London</text>
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                <text>Henry Hotze was a Swiss-born immigrant to the United States who would become one of the Confederacy's prominent propaganda agents abroad. Operating as a journalist in Alabama prior to the war, Hotze would later enter into work for the Confederate government. In late 1861, Hotze was the task of establishing an operation in Great Britain that could sway public opinion to the cause of the South. Hotze spent the majority of the war working to spread Confederate-leaning sentiments throughout British journalism, including in the form of his own weekly publication, &lt;em&gt;The Index&lt;/em&gt;. This image was likely taken around the timeframe of his journalism career and early service to the Confederate cause.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Unknown Photographer</text>
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                <text>Photograph courtesy of Encyclopedia of Alabama</text>
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                <text>Image now in public domain</text>
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                <text>Undated; Possibly between 1850 and 1865</text>
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        <name>Confederacy</name>
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        <name>The Index</name>
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                  <text>Observers and Officials</text>
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                  <text>Significant Figures in Anglo-American Diplomacy and British Observations of the Civil War</text>
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                  <text>Prominent British and American individuals involved in negotiations behind the scenes, as well as those directly viewing the conflict, offer a wide range of perceptions and viewpoints of the war and its underlying causes</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Portrait Clipping</text>
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                <text>'Henry John Temple, the Viscount Palmerston'</text>
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                <text>Portrait of Lord Palmerston, British Prime Minister during the American Civil War</text>
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                <text>Engraved by John Sartain, Philadelphia, for the &lt;em&gt;Eclectic Magazine&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Digitized in the New York Public Library Digital Collections, https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/79c1ff9c-c2bc-9f57-e040-e00a18061f18</text>
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                <text>Between 1835 and 1865</text>
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                <text>The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection</text>
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                <text>Serving as Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston guided Britain through, or better put, around the affairs of the American Civil War. The leader of the nation most likely to intervene in the conflict, and at times Palmerston faced the temptation to do so. His own opinions on the conflict varied, from favoring a perpetually divided America weakened by a Southern victory, to a general desire for continued British neutrality. While the latter interest ultimately won out, the Prime Minister remained a face of percieved Confederate sympathies. Palmerston, members of his government, and others in Parliament garnered criticism from the Northern public and press, facing repeated pressures from the U.S. State department to both stay out of the conflict and address the matter of Confederate activity and support within the United Kingdom.</text>
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                <text>New York Public Library</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Public Domain.</text>
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        <name>Lord Palmerston</name>
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                  <text>Prominent British and American individuals involved in negotiations behind the scenes, as well as those directly viewing the conflict, offer a wide range of perceptions and viewpoints of the war and its underlying causes</text>
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                <text>'Hon. Thurlow Weed'</text>
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                <text>A photo negative of Thurlow Weed  American politician and Union agent in Europe - primarily within the United Kingdom; Taken between 1855 and 1865</text>
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                <text>Digitized as part of the Library of Congress's Brady-Handy Photograph Collection, at https://www.loc.gov/item/2017897362/</text>
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                <text>James M. Mason played an important role for Confederate activity in the United Kingdom, organizing funds and the purchase of supplies and ships. Following his arrest and release as part of the &lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt; Affair of 1861, Mason began his work in London, remaining there or in consultation with his colleage John Slidell in France. Concerning diplomatic outreach, Mason's contact with the Palmerston government was limited, with ittle official recognition. Moreover, what talks he could arrange failed to achieve Confederate interests abroad.</text>
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                  <text>On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation</text>
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                  <text>The role of slavery in Anglo-American relations and Civil War diplomacy.</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                  <text>1860-1865</text>
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                <text>'John Bull Makes a Discovery'</text>
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                <text>An American Prediction Concerning British Slavery Sentiment</text>
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                <text>This print, likely published in the first years of the war, conveys some of the fears Americans had concerning the sympathies and interests of Britain. Would the anti-slavery sympathies that had grown over the course of the 19th century falter in the face of its economic interests regarding the use of Southern cotton in its textile industries?</text>
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                  <text>The War in Cartoon Form</text>
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                  <text>Political cartoons, whether critical or satirical, exist as commentary for the major issues and events of the day - the Civil War in America included. British and American publications regularly highlighted issues of the war, including diplomatic controversy, in their accompanying illustrations.</text>
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                <text>'John Bull's Neutrality - The Guardian of Civilization in Full Play'</text>
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                <text>While declaring itself neutral, and remaining that way for the duration of the war, some in the North believed that sympathies for the South permeated Britain's top levels of government. This image from &lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt; uses the figure of John Bull in a more negative light. Setting two of Britain's prominent Confederate-leaning officials - John Russell and John Roebuck - in the form of dogs against Columbia (Union), Bull is presented as a distraction in her fight against a serpent representing the Southern rebellion.</text>
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                <text>John McLenan</text>
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                <text>Published September 13, 1862</text>
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                <text>Located in the Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College; Digitized online at https://library.artstor.org/#/object/SS7731291_7731291_10904008_GETTY</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Political Cartoon</text>
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                <text>'John Bull's Neutrality'</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>A Depiction of Britain's Stance on the Conflict</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt;'s satirical criticism of the American conflict highlights their view of British neutrality in this image, perceiving the nation as above the conflict. While certain groups within the population and government displayed sympathy for either side, the overall feeling remained ambivalent to the conflict. However, the artist includes the threat that Britain could bring to the war, noting its willingness to end it by force if threatened or heavily inconvienienced by it.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Sir John Tenniel</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Reprinted on page 150 in William Walsh's &lt;em&gt;Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch&lt;/em&gt;, New York: Moffat, Yard, and Company, 1909</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt;, or the &lt;em&gt;London Charivari&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>October 3rd, 1863</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Public Domain</text>
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                <text>Still Image, Text</text>
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        <name>Brother Jonathan/Uncle Sam</name>
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        <name>Confederacy</name>
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        <name>John Bull</name>
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        <name>Punch Cartoons</name>
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        <name>Union</name>
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                  <text>Observers and Officials</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Significant Figures in Anglo-American Diplomacy and British Observations of the Civil War</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Prominent British and American individuals involved in negotiations behind the scenes, as well as those directly viewing the conflict, offer a wide range of perceptions and viewpoints of the war and its underlying causes</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                  <text>Still Image</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Half-Portrait Photograph</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>'John Slidell'</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>1859 Portrait of Democratic Louisiana Senator John Slidell</text>
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                <text>Photograph by Julian Vannerson</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="173">
                <text>Photograph originally in 'McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives &amp; delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees &amp; Beck, [1859], page 186.'</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Digitized by the Library of Congress</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1859</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="176">
                <text>No known restrictions on publication.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Still Image</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Captured by the Union alongside his fellow Confederate diplomat, James Mason, in the 1861 &lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt; Affair, John Slidell's intended post was making appeals on the South's behalf to the French government under Napoleon III. After being released, Slidell worked to encourage French action, though the nation largely based its decisions off the actions being taken by the United Kingdom. England remained neutral, despite persistent interest in mediating the conflict, with no such plan ever fully undertaken. Thus Slidell encountered little diplomatic success, though he generated sympathetic connections through French society. After the war, Slidell, as well as Mason, aided exiled Confederate officials leaving the U.S. settle in France and England.</text>
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        <name>Confederacy</name>
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        <name>Diplomacy</name>
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        <name>France</name>
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      <tag tagId="32">
        <name>John Slidell</name>
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      <tag tagId="7">
        <name>Trent Affair</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>The War in Cartoon Form</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Matters of the War and Diplomacy as captured by British and American Cartoonists</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Political cartoons, whether critical or satirical, exist as commentary for the major issues and events of the day - the Civil War in America included. British and American publications regularly highlighted issues of the war, including diplomatic controversy, in their accompanying illustrations.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                  <text>English</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
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              <text>Political Cartoon</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>'King Cotton -"Oh isn't that a Dainty Dish to set before the King"'</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>A &lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt; cartoon depicting Union general George McClellan presenting a representation of King Cotton.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="207">
                <text>John McLenan</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="208">
                <text>Published by &lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt;; Digitized in GettDigital: Civil War Era Collection</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Digitized through Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library at Gettysburg College, </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>September 21, 1861</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>English</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="545">
                <text>King Cotton - interpreted here as a caricature of European-style monarchs, displaying elements of the British government - recieves a dangerous gift from Union General George McClellan. The illustration mocks British reliance on southern cotton while also targeting the Southern economic reliance on the crop. The South's decision to place an embargo on cotton exports and the effects of the Union's blockade together placed the prominence of 'King Cotton' on shaky ground, susceptible to collapse. Cotton diplomacy with britain and France was unable to win necessary support for the South. Over the course of the war, and afterwards Southern cotton encountered greater competition from the colonized regions of the Middle East and Asia.</text>
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        <name>Confederacy</name>
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        <name>Cotton</name>
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        <name>Harper's Weekly</name>
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        <name>Union</name>
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        <name>United Kingdom</name>
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