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                  <text>The War in Cartoon Form</text>
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                  <text>Matters of the War and Diplomacy as captured by British and American Cartoonists</text>
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                  <text>Political cartoons, whether critical or satirical, exist as commentary for the major issues and events of the day - the Civil War in America included. British and American publications regularly highlighted issues of the war, including diplomatic controversy, in their accompanying illustrations.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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              <text>Wood Engraving and Poem</text>
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                <text>'England's Tribute to Lincoln and 'Abraham Lincoln foully assassinated''</text>
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                <text>A image and accompanying poem honoring the late president following his assassination</text>
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                <text>Compiled together as a tribute to Lincoln's memory, this item combines both a print of a wood engraving, likely by &lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt; artist John Tenniel, and a poem also published by &lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt;, together on a single page. Though republished in 1910, this document still expresses the grief that Lincoln's death caused outside the United States. Of note is that even though Lincoln was the subject of much caricature, satirization, and even criticism from publications such as &lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt;, the work of the president in matters of war and emancipation were not forgotten.</text>
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                <text>O.H. Oldroyd</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Punch, or the London Charivari&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Library of Congress; The Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana</text>
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                <text>May 6, 1865 - Wood Engraving and Poem&#13;
1910 publication of document</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Public Domain&#13;
Credit: Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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        <name>Abraham Lincoln</name>
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        <name>Britannia</name>
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        <name>Columbia</name>
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                  <text>On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation</text>
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                  <text>The role of slavery in Anglo-American relations and Civil War diplomacy.</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>1860-1865</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>'Abe Lincoln's Last Card; Or Rouge-et-Noir'</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>British Satirical View of Lincoln's Drafts of an Emancipation Proclamation</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>John S. Tenniel</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Printed by Punch</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Image reprinted in &lt;em&gt;Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch; cartoons, comments and poems, published in the London charivari, during the American Civil War (1861-1865)&lt;/em&gt; by William Shepard Walsh</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>October 18, 1862</text>
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                <text>Image Source digitized on the Internet Archive</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>In Public Domain</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Despite some hopes that the announcement of the Lincoln Administrations plans on the matter of emancipation, international doubts over the Union position on slavery remained. This cartoon, a satirical take by &lt;em&gt;Punch&lt;/em&gt;, highlights the view in Great Britain that such a move might be a last desperate move by Lincoln to sway the war, at this time in a bloody stalemate, more clearly in his favor. This view of the matter was shared by Confederates and similarly presented by their diplomats and sypathizers abroad.</text>
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        <name>Abraham Lincoln</name>
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        <name>Emancipation</name>
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        <name>Punch Cartoons</name>
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        <name>Slavery</name>
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                  <text>The Civil War at Sea</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
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                  <text>Naval Events of the War and the British Involvement</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Despite its neutral status being declared early in the conflict, this did not prevent Great Britain's involvement in several prominent maritime controversies that shook Anglo-American relations.</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                  <text>English</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
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              <text>Printed Collector Card</text>
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                <text>'On England's Muggy Shore a Surly Lion gave a Grievous Roar!'</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>A satirical take on British anger over the &lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt; Affair and the Union's Capture of Confederate Diplomats</text>
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                <text>James Fuller Queen and Henry Louis Stephens</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Digitized by The Library Company of Philadelphia</text>
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                <text>Published by William A Stephens</text>
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                <text>1863</text>
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                <text>Printed by William A. Stephens, Collected by John Allister McAllister</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="235">
                <text>All use must credit Library Company of Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The news of the &lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt;'s stopping and the arrest of its Southern diplomatic passengers, James Mason and John Slidell, by the Union provoked confusion and anger among the British. The popular views of the incident considered the actions of Union captain Charles Wilkes as violating British neutrality. Amid attempts to get a clear response from the North, including a formal apology and the release of the diplomats, the British government undertook efforts to secure vulnerable regions of its Empire from military threat, including the provinces of British North America. The movement of military resources, accompanied by the fluctuating public talk of war, intensified U.S.-U.K. relations before the Affair was resolved.</text>
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        <name>Trent Affair</name>
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        <name>United Kingdom</name>
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                  <text>The Civil War at Sea</text>
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                  <text>Naval Events of the War and the British Involvement</text>
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                  <text>Despite its neutral status being declared early in the conflict, this did not prevent Great Britain's involvement in several prominent maritime controversies that shook Anglo-American relations.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                <text>'&lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt; and the &lt;em&gt;San Jacinto&lt;/em&gt;'</text>
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                <text>The interception of the RMS &lt;em&gt;Trent &lt;/em&gt;on November 8, 1861, by the USS &lt;em&gt;San Jacinto&lt;/em&gt; under Cpt. Charles Wilkes.</text>
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                <text>The &lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt;, a British packet ship transporting to England two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell, had left Havana, Cuba on November 7th, 1861. Captain Charles Wilkes of the USS &lt;em&gt;San Jacinto&lt;/em&gt; became aware of the diplomats' movements and intended route, bringing his ship to impede their passage. Believing his actions to be in the interest of the Union war effort and justifiable as the seizure of war contraband, Wilkes ordered the &lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt; boarded. When Mason and Slidell, with their diplomatic assistants, come forward, they are arrested and removed from the Trent. Wilke's actions recieve praise in the Union, but set off a diplomatic crisis that lasted through the rest of the year, ending in the release of the diplomats.</text>
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                <text>November 16, 1861</text>
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                <text>In response to the economic instability brought about by the American Civil War, affecting production and the consumption of goods and materials, John Bull (England) looks to other markets free of less shaken by an 'inconvenient' conflict. Economic frustration stemmed from the actions of both sides, though both intervention and continued British neutrality carried economic consequences, namely in the form of impediments to food or cotton supplies. To supplement Britain's damaged markets, the Empire turned its attention to colonial production, drawing cotton from the agricultural work of the Egypt and India.</text>
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                <text>'King Cotton -"Oh isn't that a Dainty Dish to set before the King"'</text>
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                <text>A &lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt; cartoon depicting Union general George McClellan presenting a representation of King Cotton.</text>
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                <text>Published by &lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt;; Digitized in GettDigital: Civil War Era Collection</text>
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                <text>Digitized through Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library at Gettysburg College, </text>
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                <text>September 21, 1861</text>
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                <text>King Cotton - interpreted here as a caricature of European-style monarchs, displaying elements of the British government - recieves a dangerous gift from Union General George McClellan. The illustration mocks British reliance on southern cotton while also targeting the Southern economic reliance on the crop. The South's decision to place an embargo on cotton exports and the effects of the Union's blockade together placed the prominence of 'King Cotton' on shaky ground, susceptible to collapse. Cotton diplomacy with britain and France was unable to win necessary support for the South. Over the course of the war, and afterwards Southern cotton encountered greater competition from the colonized regions of the Middle East and Asia.</text>
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                  <text>On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation</text>
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                  <text>The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved.</text>
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                  <text>1860-1865</text>
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                <text>A song celebrating the South and the persona of 'King Cotton,' written in the Aftermath of the Battle of 1st Manassas (Bull Run), and other early Union losses.</text>
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                <text>North Carolina Digital History Center and Duke University Libraries</text>
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                <text>This song sheet celebrates the actions of the Confederate Army in its early victories against the Northern military. The idea of 'King Cotton' dominates the themes of the song, based upon the strong association between the South and the perceived dominance of the cotton industry. Emerging out of arguments made in the 1850s, particularly by South Carolina senator James Henry Hammond before the Senate in 1858. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Believing that the economic power of cotton gave the Confederacy diplomatic leverage over the nations of Europe, to pressure foreign support, cotton diplomacy guided their initial efforts at foreign policy. Ultimately, the strategy failed to have the desired impact, increasingly limited Southern cotton gradually replaced by product from other sources.</text>
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                  <text>On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation</text>
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          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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                <text>'Letter to William Lloyd Garrison from the Union and Emancipation Society of Manchester, England, September 6, 1864'</text>
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                <text>A copy of a Circular Published and Distributed by the Society for an Audience in the General Public in Britain; Sent to the American abolitionist</text>
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                <text>Union and Emancipation Society, and William Lloyd Garrison</text>
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                <text>Digitized by the Boston Public Library</text>
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                <text>September 6, 1864</text>
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                <text>No known copyright restrictions.&#13;
No known restrictions on use.</text>
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                <text>In a circular sent to the ardent abolitionist, the Union and Emancipation Society's words reflect the general themes and platforms of such groups in the United Kingdom. Delivered late in the war, it conveys the growing hope of British reformers that the United States would soon undertake a significant social and political change with the end of slavery. Liberal reformers and Union sympathies often aligned during the war influencing the growth of post-war movements. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For some reformers, their interests would take inspiration from the success of Lincoln and the early stages of post-Civil War reform in the United States. Seeing the changes as catalysts for their own political and labor reforms, British society experienced new waves of calls for change through the rest of the century, largley beginning with the Reform Act of 1867, which was based upon expanding the political franchise.</text>
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                <text>Boston Public Library, Digitized online at https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:2z110c927</text>
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                  <text>The War in Cartoon Form</text>
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                  <text>Matters of the War and Diplomacy as captured by British and American Cartoonists</text>
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                  <text>Political cartoons, whether critical or satirical, exist as commentary for the major issues and events of the day - the Civil War in America included. British and American publications regularly highlighted issues of the war, including diplomatic controversy, in their accompanying illustrations.</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>'Policeman Wilkes'</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Northern Political Cartoon of Union Captain Charles Wilkes's Capture of Confederate Diplomats Mason &amp;amp; Slidell - The &lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt; Affair</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Artist Unknown; Possibly William Willard Howard </text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Harper's Weekly&lt;/em&gt; 5, p. 768, November 30, 1861</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="184">
                <text>Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>November 30, 1861</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="187">
                <text>No known restrictions on publication.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="188">
                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="530">
                <text>The captain of the &lt;em&gt;San Jacinto&lt;/em&gt; was hailed as a hero across the Northern public, receiving praise from Congress and the Lincoln administration for his role in the capture of James Mason and John Slidell. However, with the onset of the &lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt; Affair in the aftermath of the arrest, Wilkes's role fell under review. To placate the British amid attempts to stave off an a potential war, Secretary Seward, Lincoln, and others agreed to a disavowal of the Captain's actions. The arrested diplomats were also set free, being allowed to continue on to Europe.</text>
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        <name>Harper's Weekly</name>
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        <name>James Mason</name>
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        <name>John Slidell</name>
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        <name>Trent Affair</name>
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        <src>https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/c69221bba0cf5b58c4de3b38bafcf4a0.jpg</src>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Observers and Officials</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Significant Figures in Anglo-American Diplomacy and British Observations of the Civil War</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Prominent British and American individuals involved in negotiations behind the scenes, as well as those directly viewing the conflict, offer a wide range of perceptions and viewpoints of the war and its underlying causes</text>
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                  <text>Johnathan Seitz</text>
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                  <text>Still Image</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
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              <text>Half-Portrait Photograph</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>'John Slidell'</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>1859 Portrait of Democratic Louisiana Senator John Slidell</text>
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                <text>Photograph by Julian Vannerson</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Photograph originally in 'McClees' gallery of photographic portraits of the senators, representatives &amp; delegates of the thirty-fifth Congress... Washington: McClees &amp; Beck, [1859], page 186.'</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Digitized by the Library of Congress</text>
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                <text>1859</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="176">
                <text>No known restrictions on publication.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Still Image</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>Captured by the Union alongside his fellow Confederate diplomat, James Mason, in the 1861 &lt;em&gt;Trent&lt;/em&gt; Affair, John Slidell's intended post was making appeals on the South's behalf to the French government under Napoleon III. After being released, Slidell worked to encourage French action, though the nation largely based its decisions off the actions being taken by the United Kingdom. England remained neutral, despite persistent interest in mediating the conflict, with no such plan ever fully undertaken. Thus Slidell encountered little diplomatic success, though he generated sympathetic connections through French society. After the war, Slidell, as well as Mason, aided exiled Confederate officials leaving the U.S. settle in France and England.</text>
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        <name>Confederacy</name>
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        <name>Diplomacy</name>
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        <name>France</name>
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        <name>John Slidell</name>
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        <name>Trent Affair</name>
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