5 10 50 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/5a3ce7e425ce9598083b874e75f632e9.jpg 08f195a679e95f8863393f12a5d5aa05 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/c7523d9064cf2a33d0fc342ccaa4af6d.jpg 80d8de55df0a8bc615257983f9bd9212 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/619024936a167352ea3103dbb15fb6c1.jpg ad26592a635850325e416006fcb0ec26 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Civil War at Sea Subject The topic of the resource Naval Events of the War and the British Involvement Description An account of the resource Despite its neutral status being declared early in the conflict, this did not prevent Great Britain's involvement in several prominent maritime controversies that shook Anglo-American relations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Language A language of the resource English Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Washn Dec 19— 1861 In this new trouble you have a right to any Senators best thoughts, and as I am called home by the illness of my son for a few days, I take the liberty to say that I think the correspondence with England should if possible be continued for a time in a most respectful & friendly tone towards that government and people, and thereby if possible postpone the ultimatum But when that is asked I would say that while we are of opinion that our rights as belligerents authorized the arrest, we are aware that upon the subject of belligerents upon the sea the law is not so definite and clear that equally learned and conscientious men may honestly differ in opinion. That upon such an honest difference of opinion as to these international questions in which all nations have an equal interest, it would be the greatest of possible calamities to the civilized world if two of the most powerful should be involved in a war which must be felt when an honorable and peaceful mode of arbitrament can settle the question, and propose as an ultimatum to refer the matter to the Emperors of France, & Russia to determine the question whether upon the law of nations we were not as belligerents justified in making that arrest. And further more that as our national policy is peace and we are more interested in the rights of neutrals than of belligerents, that we are willing to join in a mode of defining with greater certainty the rights of belligerents against neutrals upon the High Seas and in which constitutes contraband of war. — So much for England Enclosed I send you my bill in which I propose to reach after the real estate of disloyal rebels who will not pay their taxes upon their lands. I wish you would carefully read it I think it meets the case in all its aspects, and disposes of the people found upon rebel plantations and in fact establishes a temporary provisional territorial government. It holds out every hope to the loyal, and it reaches with an iron hand, clothed in a soft glove it is true but which is none the less powerful to grind the incorrigible and hold their estates. It reaches the hopes of the soldier, who may be fighting for a new home As ever yours J. R. Doolittle If I am wanted here a telegram will reach me at any time at Racine. I expect to return by New Years. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Letter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Letter from James R. Doolittle to Abraham Lincoln, December 19, 1861' Subject The topic of the resource A letter to the president concerning the course of the Trent Affair and Senator Doolittle's thoughts on international policies. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James R. Doolittle Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized by the Library of Congress, Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 1. General Correspondence. 1833-1916, https://www.loc.gov/item/mal1347800/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcription by the Lincoln Studies Center, Knox College. Galesburg, Illinois Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Letter Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 19, 1861 Description An account of the resource This letter from the Wisconsin Senator was written at the height of the controversy over the Trent. Though the exact parameters of the diplomatic dialogue was still unknown to the majority of the American public, its tense nature was not lost. At the tiem of Doolittle's writing, an ultimatum from the British Foreign Minister, Earl Russell, had reached the British Minister in Washington D.C., Lord Lyons. Russell's expectation of a explanation from Secretary Seward accompanied the formal British inquiry as to the U.S.'s justification for the actions of Captain Wilkes and their demands for the freedom of the arrrested Confederate diplomats. The news of the ultimatum carried by Lyons placed pressure on Seward and President Lincoln to act. The letters of Doolittle and other supporters of Lincoln, encouraging further diplomacy - Doolittle noting the importance of a re-examination of neutrality law and the rights of neutral and belligerent powers. Such legal analyses arose to accompanying other Anglo-American controversies of the war, settled through negotiation, including the 1871 Treaty of Washington and other post-war agreements. Abraham Lincoln Letters Trent Affair Union United Kingdom https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/d931aaf6000758d069cd8fce332398f1.jpg e5d09bc4e59627853423dc9c3a1d7d94 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/06332e04a0dcb09f819aae604325eab6.jpg 22a6843fa95122e5b7d36c6149fc3c32 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/31461df34abbd8f3c4109a75b084b79b.jpg d7435ab0a5a38646791c07f298e46198 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/90b2a12de0593ca523f9a9deee20e3ee.jpg adc12dc5748ae4e87cced8e7a2520213 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/a8580baf23c8744e6654c31c40f20f3e.jpg f5cb09166b799fd2bc487b87b63a1984 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Civil War at Sea Subject The topic of the resource Naval Events of the War and the British Involvement Description An account of the resource Despite its neutral status being declared early in the conflict, this did not prevent Great Britain's involvement in several prominent maritime controversies that shook Anglo-American relations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Language A language of the resource English Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Letter Text Any textual data included in the document London, Dec 11, '61 My Dear Sir, Again, after free communication with most intelligent parties here, I assure you that war is deliberately settled upon unless you, at Home, avert it. If it does not result immediately, from the Trent affair, England will ask France to join in raising the Blockade. Their object is, to while our Ports are Blockaded to open those of the Confederate States, resuming commercial relations in British Bottoms, and thus tempting the Border and Western States. This, you see, will have a strong appeal to the Pockets of men. I fear that our People, exasperated by the burning of the “Harry Birch,” and the insolence of the London Press, will be in no temper to consult prudent councils. But much of the abuse of the Press here might have been prevented if our Governmt had looked to it. I am already in communication with prominent men, some connected with the Govermt and some with the Press, to have changed the whole tone of popular sentiment. But to do this able writers, here (and I already know some of them) must be paid. The Secessionists understood this — have paid what was necessary, and we are suffering the consequences. I am working as hard as I can, on my own hook, tho' distinguished People here believe, and trust me, as in some way connected with the Governmt. Mr Adams is very cordial, and renders me every [illegible] in his power. The Englishmen put searching questions, some of which are not a little embarrassing. We have excellent Friends in the Cotton consuming Cities and Towns The naval success helps much. The great difficulty has been that, with all our acknowleged superiority, the Enemy held us at bay. A real victory would set us up abroad. I am however, well satisfied with the last accounts from Home. Very truly, T. Weed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Letter from Thurlow Weed to William H. Seward, December 11, 1861' Subject The topic of the resource A letter from Thurlow Weed, a Northern politician and agent in London, to Secretary of State Seward expressing his rising concerns over the possibility of war with England over the Trent Affair Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Thurlow Weed Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized by the Library of Congress, Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 1. General Correspondence. 1833-1916; Digitized online at https://www.loc.gov/item/mal1336900/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 11, 1861 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcribed by the Lincoln Studies Center, Knox College. Galesburg, Illinois. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Letter Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Description An account of the resource This letter from the Union agent addresses some of the concerns for the potential fallout of the Trent Affair in the case of further escalation. The threat of European intervention in the war, either militarily or as forceful mediators, amplified the importance of Union efforts to deter unfavorable outside participation. The 1861 Affair was the closest Britain came to entering into war with the U.S., not necessarily on the side of the Confederacy, but a boon to their chances in the Civil War all the same. Weed notes the growing talk of war as a response to the U.S.'s actions in bringing about the controversy, a prospect which could have the meant the breaking of the Union blockade by Britain, France and other European powers. Weed notes his own efforts to influence public sentiment through publications, noting British frustrations in the press, public, and government over the Union's activities. Letters Thurlow Weed Trent Affair United Kingdom William Seward https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/a4cb781bb424c8ff3a321f9bebd4e540.jpg 0ac0a6eab74a9b738ad69d8d90e5040f https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/3ccf2e15072bb612458e7cc02ebbf57b.jpg d600d9f61e9fe18d97b862b22aabc4d5 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/a3929d8cca37cc7e91b1a05fbcbbecfd.jpg e426a570d91f63bfdfba0ae7ff144d23 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/80c72528f0e7a4a9d2a5d9819aa9d150.jpg b3360a96e934f41c13d2c9a879367ccc https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/df753b6a048b72f8e903e2fdbd1863ff.jpg 3f42b5a688aa4c54ef5c77955f329ece Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Civil War at Sea Subject The topic of the resource Naval Events of the War and the British Involvement Description An account of the resource Despite its neutral status being declared early in the conflict, this did not prevent Great Britain's involvement in several prominent maritime controversies that shook Anglo-American relations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Language A language of the resource English Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Buffalo, Dec. 16. 1861. Sir, I have never, under any circumstances, presumed to offer any advice, as to men or measures, to those who have succeeded me in the administration of the Government; and I beg of you to consider the few crude suggestions which I am now about to make, as mere hints from one who will feel no mortification, personally, if they should be wholly disregarded. I can in some measure appreciate the difficulties with which the administration of the Government is now embarrassed by this unholy rebellion; for I heard the muttering thunder, and viewed the gathering storm at a distance in 1850; and while I approve most cordially of the firm stand which you have taken in support of the constitution, as it is, against insane abolitionism on one side and rebellious secessionism on the other, and hope and trust that you will remain firm; yet, it was not to speak of this that I took up my pen, but of a new danger which threatens more immediately our Northern frontier, but in its consequences, most fatally, the whole country. You of course must anticipate that I refer to a threatened rupture with England; for if we are so unfortunate as to be involved in a war with her at this time, the last hope of restoring the Union will vanish, and we shall be overwhelmed with the double calamities of civil and foreign war at the same time, which will utterly exhaust our resources, and may practically change the form of our government and compel us in the end to submit to a dishonorable peace. I perceive that the telegram of this morning announces the fact from semi-official sources that, the law officers of Great Britain have given it as their opinion that the arrest of Messrs. Mason & Slidell and forcibly taking them from the Trent, a British merchant or transport vessel, was not justified by the law of nations; and that the British Cabinet were united in sending a despatch to Lord Lyon, protesting against the act, and demanding satisfaction by the restoration of the prisoners and a suitable apology for the insult to the British Flag. I still cherish the hope, however, that this statement may be greatly exagerated— But suppose it be true— What then? It may be said that one of two things must happen— Either, this Government must submit to the demand thus made upon it by Great Britain, or take the hazards of a war at a most inconvenient time to settle a point of international law by resort to arms. This alternative should be avoided it it can be with honor, and I venture to suggest that it may be, by urging in a firm but conciliatory argument in reply to the demand of Great Britain, our views of the Belligerent right to arrest these men, but conclude by saying that although we feel assured that we are right, yet if Great Britain after weighing our argument still adheres to the opinion that we are wrong, then as this is a purely legal question, where no insult was intended to the flag of Great Britain, nor any intention to invade her rights, and as the point in dispute is one of international law in which all maritime nations are interested, we propose to submit it to one of the crowned heads of Europe for arbitrament, agreeing to abide its award. It seems to me that Great Britain can not refuse so fair a proposition. But if she does, and insists on an unconditional compliance with her demand or war, all Christendom will then hold her responsible for the consequences. I trust you will pardon these suggestions, which are made on the spur of the moment, without consultation with, or the knowledge of, any one; and may remain in confidence between us if you prefer that they should. I am with sincere respect & great haste, Truly yours Millard Fillmore Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Letter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'A Letter from Millard Fillmore to Abraham Lincoln, December 16, 1861' Subject The topic of the resource A Letter from Former President Millard Fillmore to President Lincoln with advice on the ongoing Trent Affair Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Millard Fillmore Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress, Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 1. General Correspondence. 1833-1916, https://www.loc.gov/item/mal1344100/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 16, 1861 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcript by Lincoln Studies Center, Knox College. Galesburg, Illinois. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Language A language of the resource English Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter Description An account of the resource Former President Fillmore's letter to the current executive reflects the growing view among prominent American politicians that war with Britain, increasingly probable as the Trent Affair continued, was undesriable and disadvantageuous to the interests of the nation. Acknowledging the matter of war as a last resort, Fillmore encourages a diplomatic solution, suggesting that the matter be taken under legal review, subject to international arbitration before a final decision is made to release the arrested Confederate diplomats. Lincoln's own reluctance to free Mason and Slidell were eventually overcome by the desire to prevent a second war with Britain, a conflict unsustainable in the nation's current situation. Abraham Lincoln Letters Trent Affair United Kingdom https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/575e26a77ab43760fd90ed04d121df38.jpg 22415fc983c30c06509c94d119dc6aa1 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/3adf946cff4a863534844c3627fec696.jpg 3f8ad2fe262cd036ba604fd499de663e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Civil War at Sea Subject The topic of the resource Naval Events of the War and the British Involvement Description An account of the resource Despite its neutral status being declared early in the conflict, this did not prevent Great Britain's involvement in several prominent maritime controversies that shook Anglo-American relations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Language A language of the resource English Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Rec 20. Decr London, Dec 4 6 P. M. Dear Seward, Mr Peabody has just called to say that Four additional Regiments have been ordered to Canada this Evening;2 that the Queen consented with much regret to act against us; and that but for her the Despatches to Lord Lyons3 would have more peremptory; that a Member of the Government says to-day that War will follow the refusal to surrender; and finally that the feeling is as intense as it was at first. The impression that the capture of S. & M. was an understood thing exists in other quarters. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Letter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'A Letter from Thurlow Weed to William Seward, December 4, 1861, 6:00 P.M.' Subject The topic of the resource One of two December 4th letters from Thurlow Weed to Secretary Seward on the matter of the Trent Affair Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Thurlow Weed Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress - Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 1. General Correspondence. 1833-1916; Digitized online at https://www.loc.gov/item/mal1324900/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 4, 1861 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcript by the Lincoln Studies Center, Knox College. Galesburg, Illinois. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Description An account of the resource In this letter, the Union agent - and friend to Secretary of State William Seward - informs the secretary of efforts made by the British government to strengthen the security of their Canadian territories. In response to the Trent Affair's escalation of tensions between the U.S. and British Empire, Parliament and the British Crown saw the immediate military threat posed by the United States to Canada and other British holdings in North America. The letter conveys some of the confusion and anger expressed by the British government and public over the incident, the closest point to a seperate war between the U.S. and U.K during the American Civil War. even after the Affair's resolution, British troops remained in Canada, playing their own part in the restructuring of the provinces into a more cohesive Confederation in 1867. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Relation A related resource <a href="http://johnathanseitz.com/items/show/12">Another letter to Seward written by Thurlow Weed, also on December 4th, 1861.</a> Canada James Mason John Slidell Letters Lord Lyons Queen Victoria Thurlow Weed Trent Affair William Seward https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/56b356d6335a7a9fad51c9a820a2e179.jpg 3e611f37093656540f004b9550a611d5 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/01117c469f6a93f23cdc1a598319620f.jpg 9190d98f222bfe310f6c23ae618c41bf https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/1b5ec246be5a49da6566ea3ad1bb9603.jpg aa06060403a1dedb1d0e1a898d46df16 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/f749897d5fb3e9fccce1a3b329b77663.jpg 925bc7fff105ee63837a31c153d487f0 https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/60b89f2beb5d77a0e962b8ca9eb973a3.jpg 19c374dc94c29202c052649a93a6d931 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Civil War at Sea Subject The topic of the resource Naval Events of the War and the British Involvement Description An account of the resource Despite its neutral status being declared early in the conflict, this did not prevent Great Britain's involvement in several prominent maritime controversies that shook Anglo-American relations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Language A language of the resource English Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Rec 30 Dec London. Dec 13, '61. Dear Seward, I went to “Pembroke Lodge” to-day, having been told by Sir Samuel Roming and Mr Terrence McCullouth, M. P. that the Earl would give me an Audience at 1 o'clock. I first called to advise Mr Adams of my intention, and found that he was quite pleased that his own pupose had been anticipated. He is waiting for something from you that would render his call on Lord John necessary. Unfortunately, I had left your Letter in another coat pocket, and tho the explanation was awkward, I made it, adding that I would send it to him. The Earl soon made me full at ease, and the conversation grew more and more [unembarassed?]. I remarked that my visit was unofficial and unbinding, but grew out my great solicitude that the English Friends of America should be possessed of the causes and progress of our Civil War; but that new complications, and the sensibility it had awakened here, while without knowledge of the views of the American Government; left me so little to say that I feared my Friends had erred in asking an audience. He soon however, led me into conversation, and from time to time, touched points that enabled me to say all I had desired, and after three quarters of an hour, when Lunch was announced, I believe I got through with out “breaking any crockery.” At Lunch, with Lady and Miss Russell, the conversation became general. I tried, repeatedly, to get the Lord to consider some mode of [negociation?], looking to Peace, after a reprisal, if should come, to give up the Rebels, but he quietly refused, each time, that, as the President had not instructed Capt. Wilkes, there could be no embarrassment, &c &c. He referred to his conversation with Mr Mallory, as I thought to learn if I knew any thing of it, and when I told him that you read Mr M's letter to me, and it gave our Government much satisfaction, he was more free. I am sure, he does not war, but his government here is not indifferent to the circumstances that a war over the Trent issue, gives them the support of the whole Nation. Lord John remarked that he had been informed (this was in reply to my expression of confidence in the wisdom Mr Lincoln) that Gen McClellan went early to the President to advise the giving up of S. & M. and that Mr L. replied “that needs consideration.” He gave me the Duke of Newcastle views of his talk with you — or, as it goes, your talk at him, and had it all gone to the People to together, it would have furnished its own explanation. This was, that you disclaimed any intention to provoke war. Truly Yours T Weed Saturday morning You will see that I have had my head in the Lion's mouth. Whether this act of [business?] was wise or foolish others must judge. I was moved and tempted, and I hope that it will do no mischief at Home. Here, it was needed. I am sorry I had not seen Earl Russell in London to have the benafit of his version of your talk with the D. of N.7 But another opportunity may offer. I go to Paris this Evening to consult with Messrs Dayton, Bigelow and Sanford Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Letter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Letter from Thurlow Weed to William Seward, December 13, 1861' Subject The topic of the resource A letter from Thurlow Weed to the U.S. Secretary of State concerning the development of the Trent Affair in Britain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Thurlow Weed Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 13, 1861 Description An account of the resource Weed's letter is written in the midst of an deteriorating diplomatic situation between the United States and the British Empire. Informing Secretary Seward of a meeting between himself and the British Foreign Minister, Earl Russell, Weed's account reflects the seriousness of the controversy over the arrest of two Confederate diplomats aboard a British vessel by the Union. In the timeframe surrounding the creation of this letter, tensions were reaching their peak, in the midst of British military precautions taken to secure their North American territories, and the delivery of a diplomatic ultimatum from Russell to Secretary of State Seward. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Transcribed by the Lincoln Studies Center, Knox College. Galesburg, Illinois Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Abraham Lincoln Papers: Series 1. general Correspondence. 1833-1916. Library of Congress Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Doman. Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Abraham Lincoln Papers John Russell Letters Thurlow Weed Trent Affair William Seward https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/6bbb8ebb9cf6f32caf6c1a7d91690182.jpg 3a75c6c0a57ac6ff8d1f291287744e00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Observers and Officials Subject The topic of the resource Significant Figures in Anglo-American Diplomacy and British Observations of the Civil War Description An account of the resource Prominent British and American individuals involved in negotiations behind the scenes, as well as those directly viewing the conflict, offer a wide range of perceptions and viewpoints of the war and its underlying causes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'William Howard Russell' Subject The topic of the resource A photograph of London Times war correspondent William Howard Russell circa 1855 Description An account of the resource This photograph, taken during his time spent covering the Crimean War of the 1850s, shows the reporter seated. William Howard Russell acted as the London Times's war correspondent abroad, documenting events in Crimea. An early pioneer in war reporting for press publications, Russell went on to cover the course of the American Civil War for the Times as well. Russell was especially prominent among the international reporters covering the conflict within the military lines of the North and South. Through his work, Russell followed armies to the battlefield, and regularly met with political leadership in the Union and Confederate governments, including President Lincoln. Particularly notable is his coverage of the First Battle of Bull Run and other early engagements, whose outcome generally favored the South. Russell's reporting of Union military performance, published in the Times, influenced early British expectations for the conflict and its final outcome. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Roger Fenton Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Roger Fenton Crimean War photograph collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001697687/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1855 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No known restrictions on publication Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographic Print Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Journalism United Kingdom https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/10e4c5b3bba9d98af87b8648945de097.jpg 9fa638d8b45d874447d3f67be71578d2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The War in Cartoon Form Subject The topic of the resource Matters of the War and Diplomacy as captured by British and American Cartoonists Description An account of the resource Political cartoons, whether critical or satirical, exist as commentary for the major issues and events of the day - the Civil War in America included. British and American publications regularly highlighted issues of the war, including diplomatic controversy, in their accompanying illustrations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Language A language of the resource English Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Print; Wood Engraving Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "The Apple of Discord at the Geneva Tribunal" Subject The topic of the resource An American political satire of the 1872 arbitration of the Alabama Claims between the U.S. and U.K. by an international commission, occurring in Geneva, Switzerland. Description An account of the resource One of the last outstanding diploamtic issues of the Civil War, the resolution of American damage claims over the actions of the British-built Confederate raider Alabama, and others of her kind, was a persistent issue throughout the aftermath of the conflict. Though occupied with the affairs of early Reconstuction after the war, Congressional and public interest in seeking compensation from Britain for its percieved role in prolonging the conflict rose. After a failed attempt at agreement under President Johnson, which gained little support in Congress as it was seen as a weak deal, successive attempts under President Ulysses S. Grant acheived a stronger position. Through the 1871 Treaty of Washington, an international arbitration of the claims in Geneva was agreed to for the following year. The above image, by famed American illustrator Thomas Nast, captures elements of these events, portrayed in the context of the William Tell story. Here, the arrow fired by John Bull at the Apple of Discord - representing lingering tension between the U.S. and U.K over the claims- conveys the impact of the 15.5 million dollar settlement paid by the British. In reaching a settlement, not only was precedent set for future international arbitrations, but Anglo-American relations on the whole improved in the aftermath of the deal. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Thomas Nast Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Harper's Weekly Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 5, 1872 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Digitized by the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3c04341/ Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Relation A related resource Harper's Weekly Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Still Image Language A language of the resource English CSS Alabama Diplomacy Harper's Weekly John Bull United Kingdom United States https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/1aa6594fe264d2808dba8ce33281762f.png e52287b2a66cd3db7accb6be8ec3b189 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents of Diplomacy Subject The topic of the resource Anglo-American Communications: Great Britain, Union and Confederacy Description An account of the resource Documents pertaining to diplomatic messages, instructions, and negotiations between representatives of Great Britain and the American belligerents. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Language A language of the resource English Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Treaty Document Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'The Webster-Ashburton Treaty Ratification' Subject The topic of the resource The ratification document of an 1842 agreement between U.S. Secretary of State Daniel Webster and Alexander Baring, the Baron Ashburton, of the United Kingdom, signed by U.S. President John Tyler Description An account of the resource An agreement ending the non-violent territorial dispute known as the Aroostook War (1838-1839), between the U.S. and British North America, the provisions of the treaty covered issues beyond agreement on lands between U.S. state of Maine and British-held New Brunswick. It outlined specific provisions regarding criminal extradition between the two parties, as well as laying a path forward for cooperation against the slave trade in the Atlantic. During the Civil War, the use of Canada by Confederate agents to plot against and attack the Union raised anger in the North. Percieved inaction by the Canadian government to address these alleged violations of neutrality, and concerns over the extradition of those involved, led to review of past Canadian-American agreements, including Webster-Ashburton and deals over military access to the Great Lakes. The provision concerning action against he slave trade would be expanded upon, facilitating stronger cooperation, in the Lyons-Seward Treaty of 1862. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Webster, Alexander Baring, and John Tyler Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived U.S. National Archives, General Records of the United States Government, 1778 - 2006, Perfected Treaties, 1778 - 1945; Digitized online at https://catalog.archives.gov/id/596319 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. National Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 9, 1842 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Canada Slavery United Kingdom United States https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/a21713092a3460a0edcaa15e8a2db7b1.jpg 84aec65f7d360c2598f3e8b7ea0e3185 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation Subject The topic of the resource The role of slavery in Anglo-American relations and Civil War diplomacy. Description An account of the resource The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860-1865 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Political Cartoon Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Before the Morrill Tariff' Subject The topic of the resource Part of an April, 1861 take on British reactions to the passage of the Morrill Tariff by Congress the month before, printed by the U.S. publication Harper's Weekly. Description An account of the resource The first in a pair of images printed by Harper's Weekly shortly after the start of the Civil War, focusing on British responses to the recently passed Morrill Tariff. In a move unpopular with foreign industrial producers such as Britain, the U.S. Congress voted to pass an increased tariff on the importation of goods. This cartoon addresses the controversy that emerged regarding competition between the U.K.'s anti-slavery interests and its economic connections to both the Union and to the South, the latter a key source of the cotton supply necessary to support British industry throughout the first half of the 19th century. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harper's Weekly Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Harper's Weekly Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 20, 1861 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Relation A related resource <a href="http://johnathanseitz.com/items/show/52">'After the Morrill Tariff'</a>, the second image of the pair. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Cotton Harper's Weekly John Bull Morrill Tariff Slavery United Kingdom United States https://johnathanseitz.com/files/original/152290b04a7a7b9f3a8fb6b2240bd74b.jpg 8679db5291d43ba56307437f2eea962f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation Subject The topic of the resource The role of slavery in Anglo-American relations and Civil War diplomacy. Description An account of the resource The institution of slavery of the United States was a key contributer to the crisis of secession, and subsequently formed a prominent issue in diplomatic matters of the Civil War. The Union and Confederacy alike both faced difficulties in addressing the subject in interactions with outside powers, Great Britain included. Britain, a nation that had developed strong anti-slavery sentiment watched this area of the conflict wondering if its abolition in North America would be achieved. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnathan Seitz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860-1865 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Political Cartoon Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'After the Morrill Tariff' Subject The topic of the resource Part of an April, 1861 take on British reactions to the passage of the Morrill Tariff by Congress the month before, printed by the U.S. publication Harper's Weekly. Description An account of the resource The second of a pair of images printed by Harper's Weekly concerning the British response to the Morril Tariff's passage. This illustration reflects the aftermath of the Tariff, in which the economic interests of the United Kingdom have usurped the care they had shown the enslaved in the first illustration. The lion-headed John Bull now sides with the Southern slave master, caring for his wellness while berating, demeaning and vilely cursing the slave he once protected, a complete tonal shift from the characteristics and demeanor of his prior appearance. The transition between the two images is indicative of the northern concern that Britain's economic needs would drive up sympathy for the Southern cause in the war, overcoming their by-then traditional stance against the institution of slavery so widespread throughout the South. The fear lay in the potential that such feelings would lead to greater support for, or an intervention on behalf of, the Confederacy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harper's Weekly Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Harper's Weekly Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 20, 1861 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image, Text Relation A related resource <a href="http://johnathanseitz.com/items/show/51">'Before the Morrill Tariff,'</a> the first image of the pair. Cotton Harper's Weekly Morrill Tariff Slavery United Kingdom United States